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Extraction of squalene from Aquilaria malaccensis leaves using different extraction methods
Wan Nurul Diyana Ramli1, Mohd Azizi Che Yunus2, Lee, Nian Yian3, Zuhaili Idham4, Ahmad Hazim Abdul Aziz5, Noor Aiysah Aris6, Nicky Rahmana Putra7, Shahid Kamar Sham8.
Nowadays deep sea sharks species have been hunted for its liver oil as the major source of squalene because of its importance in
medical field especially as an antioxidant and anticancer compound. Studies have proved the existence of squalene compound in
the Aquilaria malaccensis leaves. Supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2
) extraction was done to study the effect of SC-CO2
operating parameters (pressure and temperature) on the oil yield as well as percentage yield of squalene compound in the oil
extracted from the leaves. Both the oil yield and the squalene percentage obtained by using SC-CO2 extraction method were
compared with conventional Soxhlet extraction technique. For SC-CO2 extraction, the temperature used were 45 °C, 60 °C and
75 °C while the operating pressures were 100 bar, 200 bar and 300 bar. Each extraction process was carried out for 60 minutes
with carbon dioxide flow rate of 8 g/min. Meanwhile for Soxhlet extraction, six types of solvents were used (methanol, ethanol,
ethyl acetate, n-hexane, acetone and water). Soxhlet extraction gave higher oil yield (45.66%) by using ethanol as solvent
compared to SC-CO2
(13.22%) at 300 bar and 60 °C. However, Soxhlet gave lower squalene percentage in the oil extract
(0.78%) by using n-hexane as solvent when compare with SC-CO2
(3.97%) at 200 bar and 60 °C. These findings reveal that SCCO2 extraction is a preferable technique used to extract oil with high percentage of squalene compared to conventional Soxhlet
extraction technique with shorter extraction time and higher selectivity on squalene.
Affiliation:
- Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Malaysia
- Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Malaysia
- Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Malaysia
- Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Malaysia
- Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Malaysia
- Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Malaysia
- Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Malaysia
- Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Malaysia
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Indexation |
Indexed by |
MyJurnal (2019) |
H-Index
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0 |
Immediacy Index
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0.000 |
Rank |
0 |
Indexed by |
Scopus (SCImago Journal Rankings 2016) |
Impact Factor
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0 |
Rank |
Q4 (Analytical Chemistry) |
Additional Information |
0.152 (SJR) |
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